DESKTOP LEVEL INTERVIEW QUESTION & ANSWER

QUESTION & ANSWER

Difference between Switch and Hub

                           Switch                                          HUB

a.             Works at layer 2                               works at layer 1

b.             Uses MAC address for packet         uses broadcast for packet forwarding

                forwarding

c.             Does not required CSMA/CD          requires CSMA/CD

d.             Faster than HUB                              Slower than Switch

e.             Full-duplex                                        Half-duplex

f.             high throughput                                   Low throughput

 What is bandwidth of of CAT5 & CAT 6 cables?

Answer: CAT 5 - 100 Mbps, CAT 6 – 1000 Mbps

What is the recommended CAT5 cable length between switch and PC ?

Answer: 100 meters

When to use cross cable and straight cable

Answer: Similar device = cross cable

•              Switch to switch

•              PC to PC

•              Hub to HUB

•              Switch to HUB

•              PC to router

•              router to router

Unsimilar device = straight cable

•              PC to switch

•              PC to HUB

•              Router to Switch

Difference between domain and workgroup

Answer:

                          Domain                                             Workgroup

A.            centralized network model                         Decentralized network

B.            Domain is controlled by DC                       No centralized control

C.            Centralized login                                        Local login

D.            centralized user database                           local user data based

E.            Easy and centralized management               NA

F.             good for large network                              good for small network

Explain in short about all 7 layers of OSI

Answer:

•              Application layer - user interface and application Data conversion

•              Presentation layer - and transformation keep data of diff

•              Session layer - application separately end to end connectivity

•              Transport layer - using port numbers, logical addressing like IP

•              Network layer - address. Physical addressing like MAC

•              Data link layer - address. Physical transmission of data using

•              Physical layer - O's and l's.

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 Define Active directory service

Answer: ADS is a new logical network model of windows 2000 and 2003 which includes forest, trees, domain, etc.

What if forest. ?

Answer: forest is collection of single or multiple trees.

What is trees?

Answer: Trees are collection of single or multiple domain arrange in hierarchy using child-parent relationship.

Which authentication protocols are supported by ADS?

Answer: NTLM and Kerberos

What is Global Catalog?

Answer: GC is a DC which maintains full copy of local domain parti on and partial copy of entire forest.

What is function of LDAP?

Answer: LDAP is a protocol used to query or access active directory database. It uses port 389.

What are the requirements for ADS?

Answer:

A)            Windows 2000/2003 Server Operating System

b)            TCP/IP protocol and IP address

c)             Network Card with Active state

d)            NTFS partition

What is Sysvol?

Answer: Sysvol (System Volume) a special folder located on NTFS partition of DC for storing domain public files like logon script, GPO templates, etc. The contents of sysvol folder are replicated to all DC in a domain.

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Difference between FAT32 and NTFS

Answer:

                            FAT32                                                  NTFS

a.         Supported by win9x, 2000, 2003, xp         supported by NT, 2000, 2003, xp

b.         Remote security                                          Local security

c.         NA                                                             compression and encryption

d.         NA                                                             Hot Fixing

e.         NA                                                             Shadow copy and Disk quota

Difference between Basic disk and dynamic disk

Answer:

      Basic Disk                                                Dynamic disk

partition are created                                      Volumes are created

can be converted to dynamic                         cannot be converted to basic

grouping of disk not allowed                          grouping of disk are allowed

No data redundancy                                     data redundancy using RAID 1/5

partition table is at start                                  Partition table is at end

Explain about RAID-1

Answer:

A.            Min. and max. 2 hard disk

b.             If any one disk fails data can be recovered from other disk.

c.             50% space wastage.

D.            no read/write performance improvement.

E.            good for storing Operating system.

Explain about RAID-5

Answer:

A.            data is stored in distributed format across all the disk

B.            min 3 max. 32

C.            if any one disk fails data can be recovered using parity.

D.            parity space wastage eg. parity = total space \ no of disk.

E.            good for storing data.

Can we convert FAT32 to NTFS? How?

Answer: you can convert FAT32 partition to NTFS using convert.exe command.

Eg . convert /fs:ntfs

What is mounting?

Answer: mounting is a process of assigning or mapping of the folder to a drive.

What is RAID?

Answer: RAID is a technology of grouping disk in order to provide more space and redundancy. There are total 54 RAID method. Windows 2003 support RAID 0, 1 and 5.

What is difference between mirroring and duplexing?

Answer: Mirroring requires single controller and duplexing requires two controllers.

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What is Web Server?

Answer: Web server is a server or application server which host or stores websites. Every web site should have a name like www.vision.com and IP address. Eg. IIS, Apache server, etc.

What is mail server?

Answer: Mail server is a software which maintains user mailboxes, eg : Exchange server , Lotus domino, etc.

What is mail client?

Answer: software used by client to access to mails stores on mail server, using mail client software you can send mail and receive mail. Eg: Microsoft Outlook, Outlook Express, Lotus notes, etc.

What is Proxy server?

Answer: It is software used for sharing of internet connection.

E.g. Wingate, Win proxy, Analog proxy, etc.

Port numbers for various application and services

Answer:

There are total 65536 ports available. Below are the lists of some well-known ports.

LDAP              :      389

Global catalog:   

Kerberos         :     88

DNS               :      53

SMTP             :      25

POP3              :     110

Telnet             :      23

NNTP             :     119

IMAP             :      143

RPC                :     135

HTTP             :       80

HTTPS/SSL   :      443

FTP                 :     21

What is firewall?

Answer: It is software used to provide security to your network by not allowing unauthorized access to your internal network from External users. Eg: PIX firewall, Checkpoint firewall, etc.